—–. 1989. The brand new Syntax and you will Semantics from Verb Morphology in the Modern Aramaic: Good Jewish Dialect off Iraqi Kurdistan. Western China Series, 69. The fresh new Haven: Western China People.
Meehan, Charles, and you can Jacqueline Alon. 1979. The newest Man Whose Tunic Trapped so you’re able to Him: A Folktale regarding the Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect off Zakho (Iraqi Kurdistan). Israel China Education 9:174-203.
Sabar, Yona. 1976. Lel-Huza: Story and Record inside the a routine out of Lamentations with the Ninth out of Ab regarding the Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect off Zakho. JSS -62.
—–. 1988. The book away from Exodus during the Neo-Aramaic about Dialect of one’s Jewish Society regarding Zakho [Hebrew]. Jerusalem: Magnes Push.
Such six binyanim away from Syriac were low in NENA so you’re able to two first groups, that have a 3rd closely allied to the 2nd
Thomason, Sarah Grey, and Terrence Kaufman. 1988. Code Get in touch with, Creolization, and you can Hereditary Linguistics. Berkeley and you can La: Univ. away from Ca Drive.
The initial group descends from the latest peal, another category regarding pael, in addition to third, whose vocalism employs that next, comes from the fresh new afel
Other factor complicating the issue is the differential impacts of certain co-territorial dialects. The brand new dialect variations contained in this Kurdish have become big, in order to its perception will likely be traced a few of the variation one of NENA dialects. Instance, new Jewish Neo-Aramaic regarding Halabja, such as the Kurdish of the area, will not distinguish a gift and you will upcoming demanding, however, where Kurdish maintains including a change, thus do Neo-Aramaic. In the Azerbaijan, Turkish provides exerted solid influence on this new Jewish dialect (Garbell 1965b), additionally the dialects of the plain regarding Mosul tell you a strong influence away from Arabic maybe not viewed somewhere else.
Tkhuma (Tx): The words from descendants away from emigrants from one of your partial-independent ashirets off the southern area of Chicken, now citizen along the Khabur Area in the Syria. Information is off Jacobi (1973) and you can my personal notes.
(5) Syriac had about three very first spoken stems, the new peal, the latest pael, and afel. To these was in fact additional around three passive stems, designed in the first of them by prefixation regarding age[Theta]-: the fresh age[Theta]pael, the e[Theta]paal, in addition to ettafal. This case can be acquired during NENA. For the majority NENA languages, verbs tend to stay in the newest verb categories in which these were included in prior to values of your words. That is, brand new descendant out-of a beneficial Syriac peal verb is good NENA Category We verb, and you will an effective Syriac pael verb could well be a beneficial NENA Category II verb: for example, Urmi ptaxa ‘open’ off earlier peal, and sadure ‘send’ off before pael. However, in Jewish Azerbaijani, Halabja, and perhaps Koy Sanjaq, the class registration could have been reorganized and that is foreseeable to the base of one’s form of the base instead of the historical source. Like, inside Azerbaijani the C stem comes with the setting CaCoC- for voice verbs, any its provider, and you can CCaC- getting middle-weak verbs: garosen ‘I have always been pulling’, however, kwasan ‘I (f.) in the morning descending’ (Garbell 1965, 64).
(11) Some other most high development inside the NENA ‘s the 3rd person copula that have l: ile ‘he is’, ila ‘she is’. This form may derive (Noldeke 1868, 203) regarding i[Theta] leh ‘he has’, but no copula want it is situated external NENA. The initial and you may next people don’t have a keen l, but in Jewish Azerbaijani, where in fact the l has been generalized through the paradigm: Jilu iwIt ‘you (masc.) are’, Aradhin i:win ‘I (masc.) am’, Azerbai big’ (Garbell 1965, 64). ile is found during NENA except from inside the Halabja, which includes -(y)e: yarxa rahamim-ye ‘it ‘s the day out of mercy’. None Turoyo nor Mandaic has actually forms parallel to help you ile: Turoyo harke-yo ‘he are here’, harke-zero ‘I have always been here’; Mandaic basim-ye ‘he try charming’, basim-na ‘I in the morning charming’ (Macuch 1965, 443).
(19) The existing Aramaic word for ‘son’, bra inside the BT, could have been extended in every NENA except Hertevin from the inclusion of your diminutive suffix -ona/-una: Azerbaijan Jewish brona (Garbell 1965, 297), Jilu bruna (Fox 1992, 51), Aradhin bru:na (Krotkoff 1982, 122), Tisqopa brona (Rubba, private communication), Zakho brona (Meehan and you may Alon 1979, 177). But not, one another Turoyo and you will Mandaic have an enthusiastic epenthetic vowel, but no suffix: Turoyo ?abro (Jastrow 1985, 221), and you may Mandaic eber or ebra (Macuch 1965, 520).
b) Oftentimes, Hertevin aligns which have Turoyo, resistant to the rest of NENA. They lacks a beneficial CCaCa present stressful (6), does not have any sodir preterite (12), doesn’t have preposition ta jak poslat zprávu nÄ›komu na whatsyourprice (15), and you may spends ruh to form reflexive pronouns (14).
—–. 1965. This new Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect out of Persian Azerbaijan: Linguistic Studies and you will Folkloristic Messages. Janua Linguarum, series practica 3. This new Hague: Mouton.